The Minnesota Assembly - a state government, which is republican in form!

With "Notes" of what happened first, second, third and fourth....)
Remember first in time is first in line. and .......

Let's review the process: by Anna...
The living people of a state come together to form a State Jural Assembly, and this group operating in the capacity of "People" -- that is, elected Officials, hired Officers, Jurors, and Electors of the State Jural Assembly-- create their State, for example, Maine.
"Maine" is a complete State, because it is not entirely fictional.  The State of Maine is called an "incomplete State" or an "inchoate State" because it is entirely fictional, having no express material boundaries or location in space.
Maine is geographically defined and has substance and assets.  At the same time it is "corporate" and a legal fiction in the sense that it has a fictitious and arbitrary Proper Name: "Maine" only stands for the land and soil of Maine because that is the name the People of Maine chose.  They could have chosen to call their estate "Wamsutta" and we could have The State of Wamsutta to deal with instead.
So.....
The United States is composed of unincorporated republican states like "wisconsin", doing business as The Wisconsin Republic (national soil) and The Republic of Wisconsin (national surface water), and it is populated by living people using Proper Names like: James Woodby.  
The United States of America is composed of unincorporated but "corporate" States like Ohio, doing business as Ohio (international land and sea) and is inhabited by the People of Ohio, that is, living people acting as Lawful Persons, and populated by these Lawful Persons using Proper Names like: James Allen Woodby. 

The States of America is composed of incorporated States of States like The State of Pennsylvania, doing commercial business in the global municipal jurisdiction of the air.
The state (soil and surface water) gives rise to the State (international land and sea) which gives rise to the State of State (global municipal jurisdiction). 
The people of a country populate its soil and surface water jurisdiction and they give rise to the People, Lawful Persons, populating States operating in the international jurisdiction of the land and sea, and thence, the Lawful Persons give rise to Legal Persons inhabiting States of States operating in the global municipal jurisdiction of the air and commerce.

Actual living people acting as Lawful Persons create States, but States then create States of States populated by Legal Persons, so at each stage of this process we observe increasing "fictionalization". 

We go from actual and factual to airy fairy in three basic steps: state > State > State of State, and from living person to Lawful Person to Legal Person in the same three steps.

As you will note, the State level is the last connection to the actual, factual world we know.  After that, its all fiction and fictions creating more fictions, spinning off endless "doing business as" Legal Personas. 
It's in this completely fictional realm of the global municipal air jurisdiction that the States of America was created to function in 1781.  The members of this "perpetual union" of "Confederate States" were "States of States" belonging to our States and operating in the global municipal jurisdiction of the air---in commerce.
The Confederation of States, more properly, The Confederation of States of States, doing business as the States of America as of March 1, 1781, was composed of commercial businesses owned and operated by our States.
Maine owned and operated The State of Maine. Virginia owned and operated The State of Virginia. Georgia owned and operated The State of Georgia...
This is the way our American Government was already set up as of 1781, and with a little alteration caused by the adoption of the Constitutions, this is the way it was structured until after the Civil War when the Federal States of States went "Missing in Action". (see full article near the bottom of this page)

Declaration of Independence 1776

The Articles of Confederation 1777

US Constitution 1787

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Organic Act of 1849

Enabling Act for the State of Minnesota

Admission of Minnesota into the Union 1858

Minnesota Constitution 1858

We go from actual and factual to airy fairy in three basic steps:

 state > State > State of State, and from ,

living people to Lawful Person to Legal Person in the same three steps. As you will note, the State level is the last connection to the actual, factual world we know. After that, its all fiction and fictions creating more fictions, spinning off endless “doing business as” Legal Personas. 

NOW the,

CONGRESSIONAL ACT FOR THE ADMISSION OF MINNESOTA INTO THE UNION. 

(With "Notes" of what happened first, second , Third and Fourth....)

 [Passed May 11, 1858.]    Whereas, An act of Congress was passed February twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, entitled “An act to authorize the  people of the Territory of Minnesota to form a constitution and state government preparatory to their admission into the Union on an  equal footing with the original states”; and, whereas,("Note: 1st") the people of said Territory did, on the twenty-ninth day of August, eighteen  hundred and fifty-seven, by delegates elected for that purpose, form for themselves a constitution and state government, which is  republican in form, and was ratified and adopted by the people at an election held on the thirteenth day of October, eighteen hundred  and fifty-seven, for that purpose; therefore, ("Note: 2nd") Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the State of  Minnesota shall be one, and is hereby declared to be one, of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal  footing with the original states in all respects whatever.  Sec. 2. ("Note: 3rd") And be it further enacted, That said State shall be entitled to two representatives in Congress, until the next apportionment of  representatives among the several states.  Sec. 3. ("Note: 4th")And be it further enacted, That from and after the admission of the State of Minnesota, as hereinbefore provided, all the laws  of the United States which are not locally inapplicable shall have the same force and effect within that State as in other States of the  Union; and the said State is hereby constituted a judicial district of the United States, within which a district court, with like powers  and jurisdiction as the district court of the United States for the district of Iowa, shall be established; the judge, attorney and marshal  of the United States of the said district of Minnesota shall reside within the same, and shall be entitled to the same compensation as  the judge, attorney and marshal of the district of Iowa; and in all cases of appeal or writ of error heretofore prosecuted and now  pending in the supreme court of the United States, upon any record from the supreme court of Minnesota Territory, the mandate of  execution or order of further proceedings shall be directed by the supreme court of the United States to the district court of the United  States for the district of Minnesota, or to the supreme court of the State of Minnesota, as the nature of such appeal or writ of error  may require; and each of those courts shall be the successor of the supreme court of Minnesota Territory, as to all such cases, with  full power to hear and determine the same, and to award mesne or final process therein. 

    the TIME LINE

>>>>>February twenty-sixth, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, entitled “An act to authorize the  people of the Territory of Minnesota to form a constitution and state government preparatory to their admission into the Union

>>>>> twenty-ninth day of August, eighteen  hundred and fifty-seven, by delegates elected for that purpose, form for themselves a constitution and state government, which is  republican in form

>>>>> and was ratified and adopted by the people, at an election held on the thirteenth day of October, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven

>>>>> A bill for the admission of Minnesota into the Union was submitted to Congress in December of 1857.

 >>>>> On May 11, 1858, the bill for the admission of Minnesota was passed by Congress and approved by President James Buchananon May 11, 1858, the document was ratified by the U.S. Senate, and Minnesota became the 32nd state.
>>>>> On May 24, 1858, the state officers took their oaths of office and Minnesota’s state government began to function.

Acceptance by Congress is the final act in the process of being admitted as a state.

 A bill for the admission of Minnesota into the Union was submitted to Congress in December of 1857.

The bill for admission encountered several obstacles. The Minnesota bill was coupled with the bill for the admission of Kansas. It was customary to admit states in pairs to preserve the balance of power in Congress:  a state that permitted slavery would be linked with a state that prohibited slavery. Minnesota was to be a free state, Kansas a slave state. The proposal to admit Kansas was made under its fraudulent Lecompton constitution. The fraud in the adoption of the Kansas constitution was so glaring that admission under it was abandoned, delaying the Minnesota bill for several months. Minnesota’s bill also met with general opposition from congressmen from southern slave states.

On May 11, 1858, the bill for the admission of Minnesota was passed by Congress and approved by President James Buchanan. However, word of its passage did not reach St. Paul until almost two weeks later. Minnesota had no telegraph lines or railroads, so a telegram was sent to Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, and carried up the Mississippi River to St. Paul by steamboat. On May 24, 1858, the state officers took their oaths of office and Minnesota’s state government began to function.

This ended the long trek toward statehood, which had seen the area of the state of Minnesota under four nations: France, Spain, Great Britain and the United States, and under nine territories: Northwest, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Louisiana, Missouri, Iowa, and Minnesota.

Link...

https://www.sos.state.mn.us/about-minnesota/minnesota-government/admission-of-minnesota-into-the-union-1858/

Approved,

 February 26, 1857.

[Thirty-fifth Congress, First Session]

An Act for the Admission of the State of Minnesota into the Union

Whereas an act of Congress was passed February twenty-six, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, entitled “An act to authorize the people of the Territory of Minnesota to form a constitution and state government preparatory to their admission into the Union on an equal footing with the original States;” and whereas the people of said Territory did, on the twenty-ninth day of August, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, by delegates elected for that purpose, form for themselves a constitution and state government, which is republican in form, and was ratified and adopted by the people, at an election held on the thirteenth day of October, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, for that purpose: therefore

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the State of Minnesota shall be one, and is hereby declared to be one, of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever.

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------------------Now look at the--------------------------------------

[Thirty-fifth Congress, First Session]

 Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That the following propositions be, and the same are hereby, offered to the said convention of the people of Minnesota for their free acceptance or rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory on the United States and upon the said State of Minnesota, to wit:

First. That sections numbered sixteen and thirty-six in every township of public lands in said State, and where either of said sections, or any part thereof, has been sold or otherwise been disposed of, other lands, equivalent thereto and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to said State for the use of schools.

Second. That seventy-two sections of land shall be set apart and reserved for the use and support of a State university, to be selected by the governor of said State, subject to the approval of the Commissioner of the General Land-Office, and to be appropriated and applied in such manner as the legislature of said State may prescribe for the purpose aforesaid, but for no other purpose.

Third. That ten entire sections of land, to be selected by the governor of said State, in legal subdivisions, shall be granted to said State for the purpose of completing the public buildings, or for the erection of others at the seat of government, under the direction of the legislature thereof.

Fourth. That all salt springs within said State, not exceeding twelve in number, with six sections of land adjoining, or as contiguous as may be to each, shall be granted to said State for its use; the same to be selected by the governor thereof within one year after the admission of said State, and when so selected to be used or disposed of on such terms, conditions, and regulations as the legislature shall direct: Provided, That no salt spring or land, the right whereof is now vested in any individual or individuals, or which may be hereafter confirmed or adjudged to any individual or individuals, shall, by this article, be granted to said State.

[1990]

Fifth. That five per centum of the net proceeds of sales of all public lands lying within said State, which shall be sold by Congress after the admission of the said State into the Union, after deducting all the expenses incident to the same, shall be paid to said State, for the purpose of making public roads and internal improvements, as the legislature shall direct: Provided, The foregoing propositions herein offered are on the condition that the said convention which shall form the constitution of said State shall provide, by a clause in said constitution, or an ordinance, irrevocable without the consent of the United States, that said State shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil within the same by the United States, or with any regulations Congress may find necessary for securing the title in said soil to bona-fide purchasers thereof; and that no tax shall be imposed on lands belonging to the United States, and that in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents.

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We, the people of the state of Minnesota, grateful to God for our civil and religious liberty, and desiring to perpetuate its blessings and secure the same to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution

Section 1. Object of government.

Government is instituted for the security, benefit and protection of the people, in whom all political power is inherent, together with the right to alter, modify or reform government whenever required by the public good.

then we get to its persons......in

a Section 1. What persons are entitled to vote:  

What happened to the people?

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In accordance with the enabling act of February 26, 1857, an election was held on June 1, 1857, at which Republican and Democratic delegates were elected to the constitutional convention. When these delegates assembled in St. Paul on July 13, 1857, to draft the Minnesota constitution, bitterness between the two parties was so intense that Republican delegates and Democratic delegates refused to meet in the same convention. As a result each party held separate sessions in different rooms of the first capitol building.

The Democratic “convention” was presided over by Henry H. Sibley, later elected first governor of Minnesota. The Republican “convention” was presided over first by John W. North, and later by St. Andrew D. Balcombe.

The political cleavage was so great that the two bodies never acted in joint meeting during the entire constitutional convention: July 13 to Aug. 29. The final work was done through a conference committee composed of five conferees from each of the conventions. The conferees, by reporting to and receiving advice from their respective conventions, were able to draft a constitution that would be acceptable to both bodies. On August 28, 1857, in spite of numerous protests by delegates, the report of the conference committee was adopted without amendment by both the Republican and Democratic conventions.

Cover of the first printing of the Minnesota Constitution, 1857

However, when it came time to sign the constitution, the bitter feeling was still so intense that Democrats would not sign an instrument which bore Republican signatures, and the Republicans objected to signing an instrument that bore the signatures of Democrats. The solution to this impasse: two constitutions. One constitution was written on white paper and signed only by Republicans. The other constitution was written on blue-tinted paper and signed only by Democrats.

Thus, on the 29th day of August, after seven weeks of political dispute and disagreement, the two conventions adjourned when as many members as could bring themselves to do so signed the copy of the constitution enrolled for their particular convention.

The schedule to the constitution provided for an election to be held on October 13, 1857. At this election the voters were to accept or reject the constitution. The ballots used for this purpose were printed to provide only for affirmative votes. A voter who wished to reject the constitution had to alter his ballot and write in a negative vote. The result: 30,055 for acceptance and 571 for rejection.

The procedure for acquiring statehood not only requires a constitution to be approved by the voters of the proposed state, the constitution must also be approved by Congress. In December of 1857 the Minnesota constitution was submitted to the United States Senate for ratification.

A certified copy of the Democratic constitution was transmitted to the senate by the territorial secretary: a Democrat. This copy was attached to the bill for the admission of Minnesota into the union. However, when the bill was reported back from the senate, historians report that the Republican constitution was attached. In any event, there is substantial authority that both constitutions were before Congress when Minnesota was admitted to the union on May 11, 1858.

In reality, the constitution ratified by Congress was not the original constitution. At the election of October 13, 1857, in addition to voting on the constitution, the voters elected executive, legislative and judicial officers. The state officers were content to wait for the act of Congress before assuming office. But the legislature took a contrary view. It convened on December 3, 1857, on the theory that under the enabling act the statehood of Minnesota began when the voters approved the constitution. Even though this theory was incorrect, the legislature proceeded to enact laws, the effects of which have remained undisturbed by the courts.

The first two acts passed by the legislature were proposed amendments to the constitution. One amendment authorized a loan to railroads of $5 million and the other related to the term of office of the first state officers. These amendments were ratified by the voters at a special election held April 15, 1858. It would appear that the constitution that Congress approved on May 11, 1858, was an amended constitution, not the original adopted by the constitutional convention and approved by the voters in 1857.

The legislature in 1971 established a constitutional study commission to review the constitution and make recommendations to maintain its utility. After two years’ study, the commission recommended that an amendment restructuring the constitution for easy reference and rewriting it in modern language be prepared.

The amendment was introduced and passed in both houses, signed by the governor, and approved by the voters on November 5, 1974. The previous wording of the constitution is printed, with all the amendments approved by voters since its adoption in 1857, in the Minnesota Legislative Manual 1973–74, pages 445–484. The amendment approved in 1974 did not alter the meaning of the constitution. In cases of constitutional law, the original document remains the final authority.

By Anna Von Reitz

The meaning of the phrase "We, the People" seems self-evident, but it's not. There is a reason why the Founders used a capital "P".

By separating the National Soil Jurisdiction from the International Jurisdiction of the Land and Sea, we wound up with two names for this country -- both The United States (National Soil Jurisdiction) and The United States of America (International Land and Sea Jurisdiction) -- and knowing this, you are finally ready to take in the difference between "people" and "People".

The people of this country live in The United States and "stand on" its soil, but the People with a Capital "P" inhabit The United States of America's International Land Jurisdiction and "stand on" the Land.

The "People" are the only ones who can enforce the Law of the Land, that is, the Constitutions, because they are the only ones occupying the International Land Jurisdiction of this country, and they are the only ones who ratified the Constitutions.

When we act as State Citizens we are not only counted as one of the "People" of this country, we are recognizable internationally as "Lawful Persons".

Lawful Persons stand on and occupy the International Land Jurisdiction of every country on Earth; together, we uphold the Public Laws of our Land Jurisdiction, including the Constitutions, and we accept our Public Duty to do so.

Legal Persons, by contrast, occupy the International Sea Jurisdiction, a watery domain full of deceits. Legal Persons function under Private Law --- Codes, Regulations, and Statutes. The officers and employees of all incorporated businesses are all acting as Legal Persons by definition.

Thus, we have people living in The United States, and People occupying the Land Jurisdiction of The United States of America as Lawful Persons (State Citizens), and we have Legal Persons occupying the Maritime Jurisdictions belonging to The United States of America, too.

The hard part arises when you can't tell the difference between the people, the People (Lawful Persons) and the (Legal) Persons.

In the last few decades the number of us consciously functioning as Lawful Persons has greatly declined, and the number of us unconsciously functioning as Legal Persons has increased.

What this means in practical terms is that there are fewer and fewer of us who are "declared" and competent to enforce the Constitutions and other Public Laws, and more and more of the people living in The United States are being illegally and immorally conscripted into the foreign political status of Legal Persons, known as U.S. Citizens, who have no constitutional guarantees, no standing to enforce the Constitutions, and no ability to defend themselves from rapacious foreign courts and tax collectors.

We need a few good People to put the teeth back into the Constitutions. The fast-track belongs to those who are not employed by incorporated entities and not receiving any unearned welfare benefits.

By Anna Von Reitz

There are four political statuses generally available to Americans.  They are: (1) State National; (2) State Citizen; (3) United States Citizen [Federal and Territorial] and (4) citizen of the United States [Municipal] .  
The first political status, State National, confers our nationality.  As Americans, we are typically born within the geographical borders of a State of the Union and we technically acquire our nationality from our sovereign State. 
Thus, though you have not been taught or had cause to think deeply about this, you are actually a Wisconsinite, a New Yorker, a Texan, a Virginian, a Minnesotan, and so on---and taken together, we call ourselves Americans. 
If we are born to American parents living in foreign places, we naturally acquire and can claim our nationality through either one of our parents.  
If we immigrate to this country legally and go through the naturalization process, we can choose to adopt a State of the Union as our home and permanent domicile, and redefine our nationality to be that of an American State National like everyone else.  
We say that, for example, Minnesota is populated by Minnesotans.   Minnesota is a physically-defined State and Minnesotans are all "people" adopting that place as their home, and they are part of the "population" of Minnesota.  Note the verbiage: people, home, population. 
You can also choose, once you are of age (21, in this case) to adopt the political status of a State Citizen, one of the People to whom the guarantees of the Constitutions are owed.    
All citizenships involve a responsibility of some kind to serve a government.  State citizenship is no different.  
By joining your State Assembly, you become involved in fulfilling the responsibilities of self-governance and you reap the rewards thereof.  
As Americans, we have the absolute right to self-govern, but we must also organize and accept the responsibilities of self-governance  to actually exercise that right.  Otherwise, it's just academic, and our actual government "of the people, by the people, for the people" goes dormant.  
State Nationals are living beings known as "people".  State Citizens are known as "Lawful Persons" or "People".  
Assuming the responsibilities and rights of a State Citizen and "standing in the capacity of your Lawful Person" enables you to enforce the contractual guarantees of the Federal Constitutions, so this is the necessary political status for you to adopt if you (1) want the freedom of self-governance; and (2) wish to enforce the constitutional guarantees you are owed. 
Both these political statuses, State National and State Citizen,  are domestic with respect to The United States, meaning that they exist and function within the borders of the Several States that are members of the Union of States formed by The Unanimous Declaration of Independence.    
There is only one caveat.  If you choose to stand as one of the People, you must forswear all other allegiances to any other State.  That is, you can't exercise Dual Citizenship and claim to be a Texan-Oklahoman or a British-Floridian.  
If you step beyond this point, you leave the land jurisdiction of your home State and its sister States behind, and enter the airy-fairy realm of the International Jurisdiction of the Sea and Legal Persons.  
Legal Persons have no physical connection to land or soil, nor to flesh and blood.  They are what are known as "legal fictions".  They function under International Law and represent officers and employees and wards of various governments and corporations.  
For example, a "Mayor" or a "Governor" or a "President" is a Legal Person; but, also notice that if you are at sea, that is, on the High Seas, your own Trade Name that you use on land, becomes a Legal Person and as a result of treaties long-established, you, an American, are considered a ward of the British Monarch while on the High Seas or on the Navigable Inland Waterways of your own country.  
Thus, there is an interface, like a toggle switch between your "Lawful Person" as a State Citizen on the land, and your "Legal Person" on the sea, and there is an equally profound difference in your capacities.  
As a State Citizen and Lawful Person standing on the land and soil of your State, you are subject only to your own government.  When you venture out on the High Seas or Navigable Inland Waterways, however, you become subject to International Law, and you are redefined as a "Legal Person" and as a ward subject to the King of Great Britain.  
Which one you are is determined by your "standing" --- literally, where or in which capacity you are acting: Lawful Person (State Citizen) or Legal Person (Ward of the King).  
Legal Persons are said to "Inhabit" our country and are not considered part of our population; instead, they merely "reside" among us for a temporary period of time for specific purposes, and instead of living in our States of the Union, they are "United States Citizens" operating in International Jurisdiction and "inhabiting" or "residing" in equally fictional "States of States", like a "State of New Hampshire".  
Note the verbiage: "resident", "inhabitant", "state of state".  
Please notice that living people "populate" New Hampshire, but there are no living people in the State of New Hampshire. Instead, there are Legal Persons "inhabiting" or "residing in" the State of New Hampshire and adopting the capacity of officers or employees of corporations--- business entities and governments operating internationally.  
This is the realm of "United States Citizens", a legal -- not lawful -- political status that came into being first with the creation of the Federation of States doing business as The United States of America on September 9, 1776, and secondly, with the adoption of the three (3) original Constitutions and delegation of some of the authorities of the Federation in international and global jurisdiction to: (1) the States of America, (2) the British Territorial United States Government, and (3) the Municipal United States Government.  
There are three kinds of "United States Citizens"- (1) Federal (two varieties); (2) Territorial; and (3) Municipal (two kinds) --- and they are all Legal Persons.  
As we have seen, United States Citizens might be serving as officers or elected officials of various kinds of corporations, they might be temporarily "passing through" international jurisdiction on a tramp steamer headed to  Peru, they might be working for the federal government and temporarily "residing" here in a "State of State", they might be acting in behalf of The United States of America (Federation) or the States of America (Confederation), they might be acting as Territorial Citizens of "the State of Montana" or "the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico".   
What they all have in common is that: (1) they are legal fictions -- and are "dead" non-living entities by definition; (2) they are "inhabiting" the foreign International Jurisdiction of the Sea  owed to the States or delegated to the "States of States"; (3) they are subject to international law.  
This applies to both kinds of Federal United States Citizens (The United States of America Citizens and The United States Citizens), and Territorial United States Citizens ( that is, Citizens of "the" United States of America).  
Those "United States Citizens" who work for the Federation of States dba The United States of America include all our most powerful international officials, including the Continental Marshals, who exercise the non-delegated Powers of this country in international jurisdiction.   There should also be, but presently are not, employees of the Confederation dba the States of America, exercising the Delegated Federal Powers--- apart from those duties specifically assigned to the Territorial and Municipal United States entities. 
The fact that the Confederation doing business as the States of America is "missing" since the Civil War has been the excuse used by the other federal contractors, the British Territorial United States and the Municipal United States, to claim that a "state of emergency" exists.  
In fact, all the powers delegated to the States of America automatically returned to the Delegator, The United States of America, a long time ago and all such claims by the other two subcontractors are specious at best. 
Municipal "citizens of the United States" are also Legal Persons that take things a step farther removed from the actual and factual realm.  These "citizens" exist in the global Jurisdiction of the Air and are subject to Municipal Law.  There are two kinds of Municipal citizens of the United States ---- (1) people adopting this political status to serve the Municipal Government, for example, Postal Service Employees; or (2) actual United States corporations chartered by the Municipal Government 
This is where you find all the STRAWMAN entities --- JOHN M. DOE, and GENERAL MOTORS and CARLYLE, INC. and STATE OF NEW YORK and NEW YORK CITY.  
Now all of this complex and initially confusing, but if you are Joe Average American what it comes down to is this: you want to be acting in your "lawful capacities" as either a State National or as a State Citizen.  
What it further comes down to is that unless enough of us declare our political status as State Citizens and accept the responsibility of State Citizenship, our lawful government "of the people, by the people, and for the people" goes dormant.  It's still sovereign, but it is not exercising its sovereignty, because we are not undertaking the functions and filling the offices of our lawful government.  
This unwitting  "neglect" on our part leaves the door open for corporations --- including foreign corporations --- to come in as "federal" contractors, and rule the roost.  It allows the King's Courts to harass and pillage us.  It allows the Pope's minions to enslave us. 
Now, obviously, there is a vast difference between the Lawful Persons and the Legal Persons.  Lawful Persons have substance.  They are tied to physical reality and fully defined.  Maine, for example, is an actual place defined by physical borders, weights, and measures; and it has an actual living, breathing population that is also physically defined.   Maine and the People who live there own actual assets-- land, soil, gold coins, trees, fish.... and only Lawful Persons can own these Lawful Assets. 
Legal Persons are immaterial and incomplete, a condition described in law as "Inchoate".  They exist only in the realms of  international business and global commerce.  The inchoate entity doing business as "the" State of Michigan is just a business organization chartered by

By Anna Von Reitz

Both the word "state" and the word "of" need special attention when we read.
The word "state" can represent a multitude of things.  It can refer to a state of mind, or the soil jurisdiction of your natural state, or your landed State of the Union, or, as too often happens, the word "state" can be used as short hand for something that properly needs to be called a "state of state". 
We have the Federal "States of States" also being called "Confederate States" almost from the moment The Articles of Confederation were signed in 1781.
Please duly note this confusion and know that "Confederate States" are not "States" in the same way nor existing in the same jurisdiction as our land jurisdiction "States". They are instead "States of States" which are entirely fictional and disconnected from the world of fact.  
The word "of" creates a separation between "States" like Maine and "States of States" like The State of Maine, which was the original Federal State of State for Maine.  That is also to say that The State of Maine was the original Confederate State created under The Articles of Confederation in 1781, two years before the end of the Revolutionary War.
About now we have people scratching their heads.  What? Confederate States during the Revolutionary War? 
Yes.  Contrary to what most of us have been taught or left to assume, Confederate States, more properly and less confusingly called Federal States of States, existed and operated long before the so-called Civil War.
In the case before us, the word "of" also implies ownership.  The State of Maine (a Confederation State) belongs to Maine (a Federation State) and Maine belongs to the People of Maine.
A State of State is not a State. 
A State of State is a commercial business entity operating in the Global Municipal Jurisdiction.  It is pure legal fiction -- a fiction created by a fiction.  In this case, Maine created The State of Maine.
Let's review the process:
The living people of a state come together to form a State Jural Assembly, and this group operating in the capacity of "People" -- that is, elected Officials, hired Officers, Jurors, and Electors of the State Jural Assembly-- create their State, for example, Maine.
"Maine" is a complete State, because it is not entirely fictional.  The State of Maine is called an "incomplete State" or an "inchoate State" because it is entirely fictional, having no express material boundaries or location in space.
Maine is geographically defined and has substance and assets.  At the same time it is "corporate" and a legal fiction in the sense that it has a fictitious and arbitrary Proper Name: "Maine" only stands for the land and soil of Maine because that is the name the People of Maine chose.  They could have chosen to call their estate "Wamsutta" and we could have The State of Wamsutta to deal with instead.
So.....
The United States is composed of unincorporated republican states like "wisconsin", doing business as The Wisconsin Republic (national soil) and The Republic of Wisconsin (national surface water), and it is populated by living people using Proper Names like: James Woodby.  
The United States of America is composed of unincorporated but "corporate" States like Ohio, doing business as Ohio (international land and sea) and is inhabited by the People of Ohio, that is, living people acting as Lawful Persons, and populated by these Lawful Persons using Proper Names like: James Allen Woodby. 
The States of America is composed of incorporated States of States like The State of Pennsylvania, doing commercial business in the global municipal jurisdiction of the air.
The state (soil and surface water) gives rise to the State (international land and sea) which gives rise to the State of State (global municipal jurisdiction). 
The people of a country populate its soil and surface water jurisdiction and they give rise to the People, Lawful Persons, populating States operating in the international jurisdiction of the land and sea, and thence, the Lawful Persons give rise to Legal Persons inhabiting States of States operating in the global municipal jurisdiction of the air and commerce.
Actual living people acting as Lawful Persons create States, but States then create States of States populated by Legal Persons, so at each stage of this process we observe increasing "fictionalization". 
We go from actual and factual to airy fairy in three basic steps: state > State > State of State, and from living person to Lawful Person to Legal Person in the same three steps.
As you will note, the State level is the last connection to the actual, factual world we know.  After that, its all fiction and fictions creating more fictions, spinning off endless "doing business as" Legal Personas. 
It's in this completely fictional realm of the global municipal air jurisdiction that the States of America was created to function in 1781.  The members of this "perpetual union" of "Confederate States" were "States of States" belonging to our States and operating in the global municipal jurisdiction of the air---in commerce.
The Confederation of States, more properly, The Confederation of States of States, doing business as the States of America as of March 1, 1781, was composed of commercial businesses owned and operated by our States.
Maine owned and operated The State of Maine. Virginia owned and operated The State of Virginia. Georgia owned and operated The State of Georgia...
This is the way our American Government was already set up as of 1781, and with a little alteration caused by the adoption of the Constitutions, this is the way it was structured until after the Civil War when the Federal States of States went "Missing in Action".
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 Minnesota

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Declaration of Independence 1776

The Articles of Confederation 1777

US Constitution 1787

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Organic Act of 1849

Enabling Act for the State of Minnesota

Admission of Minnesota into the Union 1858

Minnesota Constitution 1858

Amendments Proposed to State Constitution

Voting Rights Act of 1965 

Organized as territory: March 3, 1849

Entered Union: May 11, 1858 (32nd state)

Motto: L’ Étoile du Nord (The North Star)

Nicknames: “Land of 10,000 Lakes,” “The Gopher State,” “The North Star State”

Area: 86,938.87 square miles (12th largest state)

Land area: 79,610.08 square miles

Inland waters: 7,328.79 square miles

Width: 348 miles

Length: 406 miles

Highest point: Eagle Mountain (Cook County), 2,301 feet above sea level

Lowest point: Surface of Lake Superior, 602 feet above sea level

Major river systems: Mississippi, Minnesota, and Red River of the North; Minnesota water flows in three directions: north toHudson Bay, east to the Atlantic Ocean, and south to the Gulf of Mexico; no water flows into the state.

Number of lakes: 11,842 that are larger than 10 acres

Number of rivers and streams: 6,564 (69,200 miles)

Population: 5,417,838 (2013 estimate from Minnesota State Demographic Center)

Population density per square mile: 68.5 (Minnesota State Demographic Center/Minnesota Department of Natural Resources)

Largest cities: (2013 State Demographer’s Office population estimates)

• Minneapolis 400,938;
• St